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Operando spectroscopy is a methodology wherein the spectroscopic characterization of materials undergoing reaction is coupled ''simultaneously'' with measurement of catalytic activity and selectivity. The primary concern of this methodology is to establish structure-reactivity/selectivity relationships of catalysts and thereby yield information about mechanisms. Other uses are as a tool for engineering improvements to existing catalytic materials and processes and as a tool for developing new ones.〔("Operando Group Welcomes You" ). lehigh.edu〕 ==Overview and terms== In the context of organometallic catalysis, an ''in situ'' reaction involves the real-time measurement of a catalytic process using techniques such as mass spectrometry, NMR, infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography to help gain insight into functionality of the catalyst. Approximately 90% of industrial precursor chemicals are synthesized using catalysts. Understanding the catalytic mechanism and active site is crucial to creating catalysts with optimal efficiency and maximal product yield. ''In situ'' reactor cell designs typically are incapable of pressure and temperature consistency required for true catalytic reaction studies, making these cells insufficient. Several spectroscopic techniques require liquid helium temperatures, making them inappropriate for real-world studies of catalytic processes.〔 Therefore, the ''operando'' reaction method must involve ''in situ'' spectroscopic measurement techniques, but under ''true'' catalytic kinetic conditions.〔 ''Operando'' (Latin for ''working'') spectroscopy refers to continuous spectra collection of a working catalyst, allowing for simultaneous evaluation of both structure and activity/selectivity of the catalyst. ''Operando'' is used in place of the term ''in situ'' in modern studies. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Operando spectroscopy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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